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Greenhouse Soil-Based Crop Cultivation

Greenhouse soil farming refers to growing crops in natural or enhanced soil within a controlled greenhouse environment. Unlike hydroponics or substrate systems, it relies on traditional soil as the growth medium but optimizes conditions (temperature, humidity, irrigation) to extend growing seasons and improve yields.

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Product Description

Market Overview

Global Scale: Soil-based greenhouse farming dominates ~65% of protected agriculture, especially in regions with low-tech farming practices (e.g., China, India, Africa).
Key Crops: Tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, root vegetables (carrots, potatoes), and leafy greens.
Advantages: Lower initial investment vs. hydroponics; familiar to traditional farmers.
Challenges: Soil degradation, pest/disease buildup, and inefficient water/nutrient use.

Critical Soil Monitoring Sensors

To address soil variability, real-time sensors are essential for:

(1) Soil Parameters

Sensor	Purpose	Target Range
Soil Moisture	Tracks water content to prevent over/under-irrigation (e.g., 10–30% VWC for tomatoes).	±3% accuracy.
Soil Temperature	Monitors root zone heat stress (>30°C harms most crops).	±0.5°C accuracy.
Soil EC	Measures salinity; values >2.5 mS/cm may require leaching.	±0.2 mS/cm accuracy.
Soil pH	Ensures nutrient availability (e.g., 6.0–7.0 for cucumbers).	±0.3 accuracy.
NPK Sensor	Detects nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) depletion (optional).	Crop-specific thresholds.

(2) Ambient Environment

Sensor	Purpose
Air Temp/Humidity	Prevents fungal diseases (e.g., humidity >80% risks powdery mildew).
CO₂ Sensor	Enhances photosynthesis (800–1200 ppm optimal).
Light Sensor	Measures daily light integral (DLI; e.g., tomatoes need 20–30 mol/m²/day).

A Small-Scale Greenhouse Soil Sensor Setup (Tomato Example)

System Specifications:

Greenhouse Size: 6 m × 3 m (18 m²), with drip irrigation.
Crop: Tomato plants (20–30 plants).
Automation: IoT-based alerts for irrigation and ventilation.

Recommended Sensors:

Sensor	Model Example	Qty	Installation Notes
Soil Moisture/Temp	BGT-SMPS(O1)	4	Insert at 15 cm (root zone).
Soil EC/pH	BGT-SMPS(O1)	2	Calibrate monthly.
Air Temp/Humidity	BGT-WSD2	1	Hang 1.5 m above ground.
CO₂ Sensor	BGT-WSD2	1	Near plant canopy.
PAR Sensor	BGT-PAR1	1	Mounted horizontally.