Dam Safety Monitoring System​

As critical national infrastructure, the structural failure of dams can lead to catastrophic flooding. Modern monitoring systems serve as an integrated "neural network" embedded within the dam structure, transforming traditional passive defense into proactive risk management through real-time sensing-analysis-warning closed-loop control. This enables early risk identification (e.g., 0.1mm-scale crack propagation, sudden seepage anomalies) and timely intervention before structural instability occurs, minimizing the risk of dam failure and ensuring operational safety. Frequent extreme weather events and aging hydraulic infrastructure have led to increasing safety risks in dam structures.The traditional manual monitoring methods are limited by poor timing, fragmented information, and delayed alerts. They do not meet the modern management needs. This solution uses a collaborative architecture that integrates multi-source sensors, intelligent communication networks and cloud-based analytical platforms to create a real-time whole-process monitoring system. It improves emergency response and dam health assessment capabilities, moving towards the goal of "digital water conservation."

Subsystems

1. Integrated Rainfall & Water Level Station

• Function: Monitors reservoir water levels and rainfall in real time. Triggers tiered alerts upon detecting anomalies and broadcasts warnings to neighboring stations via a self-organizing LoRa-MESH network.

2. Visual-Audio Broadcast Station

• Function: Deploys an "integrated visual-audio surveillance network" for remote video retrieval and localized emergency broadcasting via onboard speakers.

3. Seepage Pressure & Flow Monitoring Station

• Function: Evaluates dam stability by analyzing seepage pressure, flow rate, and displacement data. Provides early warnings for risks such as piping and landslides.

4. Transmission & Platform Layer

   
   

Core Components of Dam Safety Monitoring Systems

1. Structural Integrity Monitoring

Deformation Tracking

• GPS Positioning Array: Installed along the dam crest and slopes, achieving ±2mm horizontal / ±5mm vertical accuracy (enhanced by BeiDou-3).

• GNSS displacement monitoring: Distributed along high-stress zones, detecting 0.05mm crack openings (Alert threshold: 0.3mm/s expansion rate).

2. Hydrological Parameter Surveillance

Reservoir Water Level Monitoring

• Piezoresistive level sensor/80 GHz Radar Level Sensor: Non-contact measurement with 0–40m range and ±1mm accuracy (Support customized).

Seepage Flow Measurement

•  Water weir: Installed in drainage galleries, detecting 0.01L/s flow variations.

Uplift Pressure Detection

• Piezometer psmometer Array: Embedded behind cutoff walls to monitor pore pressure (0–2MPa range, 0.1% F.S. accuracy). (Construction critical: Installed during grouting to verify anti-seepage performance).

3. Environmental Risk Early Warning

Precipitation Monitoring

• Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge: 0.2mm resolution, triggering flood control protocols at >50mm/h intensity.

Meteorological Station Network

• Measures wind speed/direction, temperature, humidity, and integrates with hydrological models to predict reservoir evaporation impacts.

System Features & Advantages

1. Multi-Source Sensing Synergy

• Integrates multi-dimensional data (water level, rainfall, seepage pressure, displacement, video) for cross-validation and comprehensive analysis, improving warning accuracy.

• Automatically retrieves video feeds from corresponding zones when seepage anomalies are detected, aiding manual verification.

2. High-Reliability Communication & Edge Computing

• Smart terminals support data resumption and local storage, ensuring cached data is retransmitted after communication restoration.

• Edge-side embedded algorithms (Kalman filtering, abrupt change detection) eliminate sensor noise in real time, reducing false alarms.

3. Intelligent Tiered Alerting

• Three-level thresholds (Notice, Warning, Critical) trigger synchronized local alarms (audio-visual), platform pop-ups, and SMS notifications.

• Customizable alert logic to adapt to risk management needs of different reservoirs.

4. Environmental Adaptability & Low-Power Design

• IP68-rated enclosures and operating temperatures from -40°C to 85°C ensure functionality in harsh conditions (humidity, dust, extreme heat).

• Solar + lithium battery power enables 30-day continuous operation under rainy conditions, minimizing maintenance frequency.